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With an increase in the number of cases of Parvovirus disease being reported in certain areas, owners must ensure their dog is protected through vaccination and by being vigilant if signs of the disease appear.

Here are some answers to the most frequently asked questions:

What is Canine Parvovirus disease?
Canine Parvovirus is a viral and often fatal infection that causes severe vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs.

How does a dog become infected with parvovirus?
The main source of the virus is faeces of infected dogs. Susceptible animals become infected by ingesting the virus.

Unlike most other viruses, Parvovirus is stable in the environment and is resistant to the effects of heat, detergents and alcohol. The virus (CPV) has been recovered from dog faeces even after three months at room temperature. Due to its stability, the virus is easily transmitted via the hair or feet of infected dogs, contaminated shoes, clothes and other objects. Dogs that become infected with the virus and show clinical signs will usually become ill within 7-10 days of the initial infection.

How does this disease affect the dog?
The initial signs are variable but normally include severe vomiting and diarrhoea. The diarrhoea may or may not contain blood. Additionally, affected dogs often exhibit a lack of appetite, depression and fever. Parvo may affect dogs of all ages but is most severe in young and unvaccinated dogs.

How is it diagnosed?
The clinical signs of CPV infection can mimic other diseases causing vomiting and diarrhoea; consequently tests to confirm the presence of virus in the faeces are often needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Can it be treated successfully?
Treatment needs to be early.

The virus causes loss of the lining of the intestinal tract. This results in severe dehydration, electrolyte (sodium and potassium) imbalances and infection in the bloodstream (septicemia).

The first step in treatment is to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. This requires the administration of intravenous fluids containing electrolytes. Drugs are given to prevent or control septicemia, control the diarrhoea and vomiting.

Can it be prevented?
The best method of protecting your dog is vaccination. Your veterinary surgeon will discuss a suitable vaccination regime.

Is there a way to kill the virus in the environment?
Canine Parvovirus is very stable in the environment and most common disinfectants will not kill the virus. Bleach is the most commonly available household chemical that can kill the virus in the environment.